转自:http://codingstandards.iteye.com/blog/831504
在脚本中type可用于检查命令或函数是否存在,存在返回0,表示成功;不存在返回正值,表示不成功。
$ type foo >/dev/null 2>&1 || { echo >&2 "I require foo but it's not installed. Aborting."; exit 1; }
用途说明
type命令用来显示指定命令的类型。一个命令的类型可以是如下之一
alias 别名
keyword 关键字,Shell保留字
function 函数,Shell函数
builtin 内建命令,Shell内建命令
file 文件,磁盘文件,外部命令
unfound 没有找到
它是Linux系统的一种自省机制,知道了是那种类型,我们就可以针对性的获取帮助。比如内建命令可以用help命令来获取帮助,外部命令用man或者info来获取帮助。
常用参数
type命令的基本使用方式就是直接跟上命令名字。
type -a可以显示所有可能的类型,比如有些命令如pwd是shell内建命令,也可以是外部命令。
type -p只返回外部命令的信息,相当于which命令。
type -f只返回shell函数的信息。
type -t 只返回指定类型的信息。
使用示例
示例一 type自己是什么类型的命令
[root@new55 ~]# type -a type type is a shell builtin[root@new55 ~]# help type type: type [-afptP] name [name ...] For each NAME, indicate how it would be interpreted if used as a command name. If the -t option is used, `type' outputs a single word which is one of `alias', `keyword', `function', `builtin', `file' or `', if NAME is an alias, shell reserved word, shell function, shell builtin, disk file, or unfound, respectively. If the -p flag is used, `type' either returns the name of the disk file that would be executed, or nothing if `type -t NAME' would not return `file'. If the -a flag is used, `type' displays all of the places that contain an executable named `file'. This includes aliases, builtins, and functions, if and only if the -p flag is not also used. The -f flag suppresses shell function lookup. The -P flag forces a PATH search for each NAME, even if it is an alias, builtin, or function, and returns the name of the disk file that would be executed.typeset: typeset [-afFirtx] [-p] name[=value] ... Obsolete. See `declare'.[root@new55 ~]#
示例二 常见命令的类型
[root@new55 ~]# type -a cd cd is a shell builtin[root@new55 ~]# type -a pwd pwd is a shell builtinpwd is /bin/pwd[root@new55 ~]# type -a time time is a shell keywordtime is /usr/bin/time[root@new55 ~]# type -a date date is /bin/date[root@new55 ~]# type -a which which is aliased to `alias | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --show-dot --show-tilde'which is /usr/bin/which[root@new55 ~]# type -a whereis whereis is /usr/bin/whereis[root@new55 ~]# type -a whatis whatis is /usr/bin/whatis[root@new55 ~]# type -a function function is a shell keyword[root@new55 ~]# type -a ls ls is aliased to `ls --color=tty'ls is /bin/ls[root@new55 ~]# type -a ll ll is aliased to `ls -l --color=tty'[root@new55 ~]# type -a echo echo is a shell builtinecho is /bin/echo[root@new55 ~]# type -a bulitin -bash: type: bulitin: not found[root@new55 ~]# type -a builtin builtin is a shell builtin[root@new55 ~]# type -a keyword -bash: type: keyword: not found[root@new55 ~]# type -a command command is a shell builtin[root@new55 ~]# type -a alias alias is a shell builtin[root@new55 ~]# type -a grep grep is /bin/grep
一般情况下,type命令被用于判断另外一个命令是否是内置命令,但是它实际上有更多的用法。
1.判断一个名字当前是否是alias、keyword、function、builtin、file或者什么都不是:
type ls 的输出是 ls 是 `ls --color=auto' 的别名
type if 的输出是 if 是 shell 关键字
type type 的输出是 type 是 shell 内嵌
type frydsh 的输出是 bash: type: frydsh: 未找到
2.判断一个名字当前是否是alias、keyword、function、builtin、file或者什么都不是的另一种方法(适用于脚本编程):
type -t ls 的输出是 alias
type -t if 的输出是 keyword
type -t type 的输出是 builtin
type -t gedit 的输出是 file
type -t frydsh 没有输出
3.显示一个名字的所有可能:
type -a kill 的输出是 kill 是 shell 内嵌 和 kill 是 /bin/kill
type -at kill 的输出是 builtin 和 file
4.查看一个命令的执行路径(如果它是外部命令的话):
type -p gedit 的输出是 /usr/bin/gedit
type -p kill 没有输出(因为kill是内置命令)
5.强制搜索外部命令:
type -P kill 的输出是 /bin/kill
原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/jxhd1/p/6699177.html
[root@localhost ~]# type lsls is aliased to `ls --color=tty'[root@localhost ~]# type cdcd is a shell builtin[root@localhost ~]# type datedate is /bin/date[root@localhost ~]# type mysqlmysql is /usr/bin/mysql[root@localhost ~]# type nginx-bash: type: nginx: not found[root@localhost ~]# type ifif is a shell keyword[root@localhost ~]# type whichwhich is aliased to `alias | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --show-dot --show-tilde'[root@localhost ~]# type -a cdcd is a shell builtin[root@localhost ~]# type -a grepgrep is /bin/grep